24 Common Metal Materials and Characteristics

1. 45 - High-quality carbon structural steel, the most commonly used medium carbon quenched and tempered steel
Main features: The most commonly used medium carbon quenched and tempered steel, with good comprehensive mechanical properties, low hardenability, and easy to crack during water quenching. Small parts should be quenched and tempered, and large parts should be normalized. Application examples: Mainly used to manufacture high-strength moving parts, such as turbine impellers and compressor pistons. Shafts, gears, racks, worms, etc. Pay attention to preheating before welding and stress relieving annealing after welding.

2. Q235A (A3 steel) - the most commonly used carbon structural steel Main features: It has high plasticity, toughness and welding performance, cold stamping performance, as well as certain strength and good cold bending performance. Application examples: Widely used in parts and welded structures with general requirements. Such as tie rods, connecting rods, pins, shafts, screws, nuts, rings, brackets, machine bases, building structures, bridges, etc. that are not subjected to low forces. 3. 40Cr - One of the most widely used steels, it is an alloy structural steel. Main features: After quenching and tempering, it has good comprehensive mechanical properties, low temperature impact toughness and low notch sensitivity, good hardenability, high fatigue strength when oil-cooled, and complex parts are prone to cracks when water-cooled. It has medium cold bending plasticity, good cutting performance after tempering or quenching and tempering, but poor weldability and prone to cracks. It should be preheated to 100-150℃ before welding. It is generally used in the quenched and tempered state. It can also be carbonitrided and high-frequency surface quenched. Application examples: After quenching and tempering treatment, it is used to manufacture medium-speed and medium-load parts, such as machine tool gears, shafts, worms, spline shafts, thimble sleeves, etc. After quenching and high-frequency surface quenching, it is used to manufacture parts with high surface hardness and wear resistance, such as gears, shafts, spindles, crankshafts, spindles, sleeves, pins, connecting rods, screws and nuts, intake valves, etc. After quenching and medium-temperature tempering, it is used to manufacture heavy-load and medium-speed impact parts, such as oil pump rotors, sliders, gears, spindles, collars, etc. After quenching and low-temperature tempering, it is used to manufacture heavy-load, low-impact, wear-resistant parts, such as worms, spindles, shafts, collars, etc., and carbonitriding is used to manufacture transmission parts with larger size and higher low-temperature impact toughness, such as shafts, gears, etc.

4. HT150-Gray Cast Iron Application Examples: Gearbox, machine tool bed, box, hydraulic cylinder, pump body, valve body, flywheel, cylinder head, pulley, bearing cover, etc.

5. 35 - Common materials for various standard parts and fasteners. Main features: Appropriate strength, good plasticity, high cold plasticity, and acceptable weldability. It can be partially upset and wired in the cold state. Low hardenability, used after normalizing or quenching and tempering. Application examples: Suitable for manufacturing small-section parts, parts that can withstand large loads: such as crankshafts, levers, connecting rods, hook rings, etc., various standard parts and fasteners.

6. 65Mn - Common spring steel application examples: various small-sized flat and round springs, seat springs, spring springs, and can also be made into spring rings, valve springs, clutch reeds, brake springs, cold-rolled spiral springs, circlips, etc.

7. 0Cr18Ni9 - The most commonly used stainless steel (US steel No. 304, Japanese steel No. SUS304) Characteristics and applications: As a stainless heat-resistant steel, it is most widely used, such as food equipment, general chemical equipment, and energy industry equipment.

8. Cr12 - Commonly used cold working die steel (US steel number D3, Japanese steel number SKD1) Characteristics and applications: Cr12 steel is a widely used cold working die steel, which is a high-carbon and high-chromium type of ledeburite steel. The steel has good hardenability and good wear resistance; because the carbon content of Cr12 steel is as high as 2.3%, the impact toughness is poor, it is easy to crack, and it is easy to form uneven eutectic carbides; Cr12 steel has good wear resistance and is mostly used to manufacture cold punching dies, punches, blanking dies, cold heading dies, cold extrusion dies, punches and concave dies, drill sleeves, gauges, wire drawing dies, stamping dies, thread rolling plates, drawing dies, and cold pressing dies for powder metallurgy, etc., which are subject to small impact loads and require high wear resistance.

9. DC53 - Commonly used Japanese imported cold working die steel Characteristics and applications: High-strength and toughness cold working die steel, Japan Datong Special Steel (Strain) manufacturer steel number. After high-temperature tempering, it has high hardness, high toughness, and good wire cutting performance. Used for precision cold stamping dies, drawing dies, thread rolling dies, cold punching dies, punches, etc.

10. SM45 - Ordinary carbon plastic mold steel (Japanese steel grade S45C)

10. DCCr12MoV - Wear-resistant chromium steel made in China. It has a lower carbon content than Cr12 steel, and Mo and V are added to improve the unevenness of carbides. MO can reduce carbide segregation and improve hardenability, and V can refine grains and increase toughness. This steel has high hardenability, and can be fully hardened with a cross section below 400mm. It can still maintain good hardness and wear resistance at 300~400℃. It has higher toughness than Cr12, and the volume change is small during quenching. It also has high wear resistance and good comprehensive mechanical properties. Therefore, various molds with large cross-sections, complex shapes, and large impacts can be manufactured, such as ordinary drawing dies, punching dies, punching dies, blanking dies, trimming dies, rolling dies, wire drawing dies, cold extrusion dies, cold cutting scissors, circular saws, standard tools, measuring tools, etc.

11. SKD11 - Tough chrome steel produced by Hitachi, Japan. The casting structure in the steel is improved technically, and the grain is refined. The toughness and wear resistance are improved compared to Cr12mov. The service life of the mold is extended.

12. D2 - High carbon and high chromium cold working steel produced in the United States. It has high hardenability, hardenability, wear resistance, good high temperature oxidation resistance, good rust resistance after quenching and polishing, and small heat treatment deformation. It is suitable for manufacturing various cold working molds, tools and measuring tools that require high precision and long life, such as drawing dies, cold extrusion dies, cold shearing knives, etc. 13. SKD11 (SLD) - Non-deformable tough high chromium steel produced by Hitachi, Japan. Due to the increase in MO and V content in the steel, the casting structure in the steel is improved, the grains are refined, and the carbide morphology is improved. Therefore, the strength and toughness (bending strength, deflection, impact toughness, etc.) of this steel are higher than SKD1 and D2, the wear resistance is also increased, and it has higher tempering resistance. Practice has proved that the life of this steel mold is longer than that of Cr12mov. It is often used to manufacture molds with high requirements, such as stretching molds, impact grinding wheel molds, etc.

14. DC53 - High-toughness high-chromium steel produced by Japan Datong Co., Ltd. The heat treatment hardness is higher than SKD11. After high-temperature (520-530) tempering, it can reach 62-63HRC high hardness. In terms of strength and wear resistance, DC53 exceeds SKD11. The toughness is twice that of SKD11. The toughness of DC53 rarely causes cracks and cracks in cold working die manufacturing. It greatly improves the service life. The residual stress is small. The residual stress is reduced by high-temperature return. Because the cracks and deformation after wire cutting are suppressed. The cutting and grinding properties are better than SKD11. It is used for precision stamping dies, cold forging, deep drawing dies, etc.

15. SKH-9 - General high-speed steel with high wear resistance and toughness produced by Japan Hitachi Co., Ltd. It is used for cold forging dies, strip cutting machines, drills, reamers, punches, etc.

16. ASP-23 - Powder metallurgy high-speed steel made in Sweden. The carbide distribution is extremely uniform, wear-resistant, high toughness, easy to process, and heat-treated with stable dimensions. It is used for punches, deep drawing dies, drilling dies, milling cutters, shear blades and other long-life cutting tools.

17. P20 - Plastic molds of general requirements are made in the United States. Electrolytic operation is possible. The factory state is pre-hardened HB270-300. The quenching hardness is HRC52.

18. 718 - High-demand plastic molds of all sizes made in Sweden. Especially for electro-etching operations. Factory pre-hardened HB290-330. Quenching hardness HRC52

19. Nak80 - High-mirror, high-precision plastic molds made by Japan Datong Co., Ltd. Factory pre-hardened HB370-400. Quenching hardness HRC52

20. S136 - Anti-corrosion and mirror-polished plastic molds made in Sweden. Factory pre-hardened HB＜215. Quenching hardness HRC52.

21. H13 - Common die-casting molds for aluminum, zinc, magnesium and alloy die-casting. Hot stamping molds, aluminum extrusion molds.

22. SKD61 - Advanced die-casting molds produced by Hitachi, Japan. After electroslag remelting technology, the service life is significantly improved compared with H13. Hot stamping molds, aluminum extrusion molds.

23. 8407 - Advanced die-casting molds produced in Sweden. Hot stamping molds, aluminum extrusion molds.

24. FDAC - Sulfur is added to enhance its machinability. The factory pre-hardened hardness is 338-42HRC. It can be directly engraved without quenching or tempering. It is used for small batch molds, simple molds, various resin products, sliding parts, mold parts with short delivery time, zipper molds, and eyeglass frame molds.